TM 5-3895-346-14
ENGINE OVERHAUL
FUEL AND OIL SPECIFICATIONS
FUEL OIL SELECTION CHART
Final
Typical
General Fuel
Boiling
Cetane
Sulfur
Application
Classification
Point
No.
Content
(Max)
(Min)
(Ma)
City Buses
No. 1-D
550
F
45
0.30%
(288 )
C
All Other
Winter No. 2-D
675
F
45
0.50%
Applications
Summer No. 2-D
675
F
40
0.50%
(357 )
C
film between moving parts is the primary requisite of a lubricant. Film thickness and its ability to prevent metal-
to-metal contact of moving parts is related to oil viscosity. The optimums for Detroit Diesel engines are 15W-
40, or SAE 40 or 30 weight.
High Heat Resistance: Temperature is the most important factor in determining the rate at which deterioration
or oxidation of the lubricating oil will occur. The oil should have adequate thermal stability at elevated
temperatures, thereby precluding formation of harmful carbonaceous and/or ash deposits.
Control Of Contaminants: The piston and compression rings must ride on a film of oil to minimize wear and
prevent cylinder seizure. At normal rates of consumption, oil reaches a temperature zone at the upper part of
the piston where rapid oxidation and carbonization can occur. In addition, as oil circulates through the engine,
it is continuously contaminated by soot, acids, and water originating from combustion. Until they are
exhausted, detergent and dispersant additives aid in keeping sludge and varnish from depositing on engine
parts. But such additives in excessive quantities can result in detrimental ash deposits. If abnormal amounts
of insoluble deposits form, particularly on the piston in the compression ring area, early engine failure may
result. Oil that is carried up the cylinder liner wall is normally consumed during engine operation. The oil and
additives leave carbonaceous and/or ash deposits when subjected to the elevated temperatures of the
combustion chamber. The amount of deposits is influenced by the oil composition, additive content, engine
temperature, and oil consumption rate.
DETROIT DIESEL LUBRICATING OIL SPECIFICATIONS
OIL QUALITY
Oil quality is the responsibility of the oil supplier. (The term oil supplier is applicable to refiners, blenders, and
rebranders of petroleum products, and does not include distributors of such products).
There are hundreds of commercial crankcase oils marketed today. Obviously, engine manufacturers or users
cannot completely evaluate the numerous commercial oils. The selection of a suitable lubricant in consultation
with a reliable oil supplier, observance of his oil drain recommendations (based on used oil sample analysis and
experience) and proper filter maintenance, will provide the best assurance of satisfactory oil performance.
Detroit Diesel Allison lubricant recommendations are based on general
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