TM 5-3895-383-24 Table 22 Caterpillar Specifications for Distillate Fuel Specification (Test Procedure) Requirement Aromatics "ASTM D1319" 35 percent maximum Ash "ASTM D482" 0.02 percent maximum Carbon Residue on 10 percent Bottoms "ASTM D524" Maximum of 1.05 percent by weight Cetane Number “ASTM D613" 35 minimum cetane (PC engines) 40 minimum cetane (DI engines) Cloud Point This point should be below the lowest expected temperature. Corrosion (Copper Strip) No. 3 maximum "ASTM D130" Distillation "ASTM D86" 10 percent at 282C (540F) maximum 90 percent at 360C (680F) maximum Flash Point "ASTM D93" Legal limit API Gravity "ASTM D287" 30 maximum 45 maximum Pour Point "ASTM D97" 6C (10F) minimum below ambient temperature Sulfur "ASTM D3605" or “ASTM D1552" 3 percent maximum (1) Kinematic Viscosity at 40C (104F) 1.4 cSt minimum "ASTM D445 (2) 20.0 cSt maximum Water and Sediment "ASTM D1796" 0.1 percent maximum Water 0.1 percent maximum Sediment "ASTM D473” 0.05 percent maximum Gum and Resins "ASTM D381" maximum of 10 mg/100 mL (5.8 grains/US gal) Fuel Lubricity 3100 g. minimum Scuffing Load Wear Test (SBOCLE) 0.45 mm maximum at 60C (140F) or or High Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) (3) 0.38 mm maximum at 25C (77F) (1) Caterpillar fuel systems and engine components can operate on high sulfur fuels.  However, fuel sulfur levels effect exhaust particulate emissions.  High sulfur fuels increase the potential for internal component corrosion.  Fuel sulfur levels above 1.0 percent may significantly shorten the oil change interval.  Refer to the TBN and Fuel Sulfur topic in the lubricant's section for additional information. (2) The viscosity limits are for the fuel as the fuel is delivered to the fuel injection pump.  Fuels such as JP-8, JP-5, Jet-A-1 or No. 1 diesel fuel have low viscosity.  These fuels may require oil cooling in order to maintain a viscosity of 1.4 cSt at the fuel injection pump.  Fuels with high viscosity or cold temperatures may require heating the fuel.  Fuel heaters may be required to reduce viscosity to 20 cSt.  For additional information, refer to Special Publication, SEBD0717, "Diesel Fuel and Your Engine". (3) Low sulfur fuel is commonly used.  The treatment that is used to create low sulfur fuel often lowers the fuel lubricity.  If the fuel lubricity does not meet the minimum requirements, consult your fuel's supplier.  Do not treat the fuel without consulting with the fuel supplier.  Some additives are not compatible.  This can cause problems in the fuel system.  See "ASTM D6708" (SBOCLE) and "ASTM D6079" (HFRR). In extreme cold ambient conditions, you may use the distillate fuels that are specified in table 23.  However, the fuel that is selected  must  have  the  fuel  lubricity  that  is  specified  in  table 22.      These   fuels   are   intended   to   be   used   in   operating temperatures that are down to -54C (-65F). Table 23 Distillate Fuels ⁽¹⁾ Specification Grade “MIL-T-5624R” JP-5 “ASTM D16555” Jet-A-1 “MIL-T-83133D” JP-8 (1) These  fuels  may  not  meet  the  requirements  that  are listed    in    table    22.        Contact    the    supplier    for    the recommended additives in order to maintain the proper fuel lubricity. Maintenance Section Fuel Specifications 1-39