TM 5-3895-382-24 A   minimum   viscosity   of   1.4   cSt   at   38C   (100F)   is required   to   properly   lubricate   Caterpillar   fuel   system components.  Kerosene-type fuels have a lower viscosity for low temperature operation. The   kerosene-type   fuels   have   less   energy   per   unit volume than diesel fuels, producing less peak power. More kerosene type fuel is needed than diesel fuel to do the same amount of work. Caterpillar  diesel  engines  are  capable  of  burning  a  wide range  of  distillate  fuels.    Burning  clean,  stable  blends  of distillate fuel meeting the listed requirements will provide quality engine service life. DISTILLED FUEL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DIESEL ENGINES Specifications REQUIREMENTS ¹ Aromatics (ASTM D1319) 35% Max. Ash (ASTM D482) 0.02% Max.  Weight Cetane Number (ASTM D613) 35 Minimum for PC Engines 40 Minimum for Dl Engines Cloud Point (ASTM D97) Cloud     point     will     not     be above  the  lowest  expected ambient temperature. Gravity API (ASTM D287) 30 Minimum and 45 Maximum Pour Point (ASTM D97) 6 (10f) Below Ambient Min. Sulfur (ASTM D2788, D3605 or D1552) 0.5% Max. See the topic "Sulfur” Viscosity becomes kinematic at 38C (100F) (ASTM D445) 20.0 cSt Max 1.4 cSt Min. Water and Sediment (ASTM D1796) 0.01% Max. ¹These  requirements  are  the  requirements  when  the  fuel  is delivered to the fuel system. NOTE:   When  economics  or  fuel  availability  dictate, other fuel types may be burned in the engine. Consult    your    Caterpillar    dealer    for    more information and advice on any specific fuel. Cetane Number During    average    starting    conditions,    direct    injection engines  require  a  minimum  cetane  number  of  40.    A higher  cetane  value  may  be  required  for  high  altitude  or cold weather operation. Filterability Clean  fuels  should  have  no  more  than  0.1  percent  of sediment and water.  Fuel stored for extended periods of time    may    oxidize    and    form    solids,    causing    filtering problems. Pour Point Fuel pour point should be at least 6C  (10F)  below  the lowest  ambient  temperature  at  which  the  engines  must start  and  operate.    Lower  pour  points  of  No.1  or  No.1-D fuel may be necessary in extremely cold weather. Cloud Point The   cloud   point   should   be   below   the   lowest   ambient temperature    at    which    the    engines    must    start    and operate,  in  order  to  prevent  the  fuel  filter  elements  from plugging   with   wax   crystals.      Refer   to   the   topic   Fuel Problems in Cold Weather Recommendations, SEBU5898, for additional information. Viscosity Fuel   viscosity   affects   the   lubrication   of   fuel   system components    and    fuel    atomization.        The    provided viscosity limits address both of those affects. Additives Fuel    additives    are    generally    not    recommended    or needed  for  the  specified  fuels  listed.    Cetane  improvers can   be   used   as   necessary   for   direct   injection   engine requirements.      Biocides   may   be   needed   to   eliminate microorganism growth in storage tanks.  In cold weather conditions,  treatment  for  entrained  water  may  also  be necessary. Consult  your  fuel  supplier  about  the  use  of  additives  to prevent  incompatibility  among  additives  already  in  the fuel and the additives to be used. Maintenance Section Fueling Specifications 1-33