DETROIT DIESEL 53
General Information
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The two-cycle diesel engines covered in this manual
from the oil pan through a screen and delivers it to the
have the same bore and stroke and many of the major
oil filter. From the filter, the oil flows to the oil cooler
working parts such as injectors, pistons, connecting
and then enters a longitudinal oil gallery in the
rods, cylinder liners and o t h e r parts are
cylinder block where the supply divides. Part of the oil
interchangeable.
goes to the camshaft bearings and up through the
rocker arm assemblies; the remainder of the oil goes
The In-line engines, including the inclined marine
to the main bearings and connecting rod bearings via
models, include standard accessories such as the
the drilled oil passages in the crankshaft.
blower, water pump, governor and fuel pump, which,
on some models. may be located on either side of the
Coolant is circulated through the engine by a
centrifugal-type water pump. Heat is removed from
engine regardless of the direction the crankshaft
rotates. Further flexibility in meeting installation
the coolant, which circulates in a closed system, by the
requirements is achieved with the cylinder head which
heat exchanger or radiator. Control of the engine
can be installed to accommodate the exhaust manifold
temperature is accomplished by thermostat(s) which
on either side of the engine.
regulate the flow of the coolant within the cooling
system.
The V-type engines use many In-line engine parts,
including the 3-53 and 4-53 cylinder heads. The blower
Fuel is drawn from the supply tank through the fuel
is mounted on top of the engine between the two
strainer by a gear-type fuel pump. It is then forced
banks of cylinders and is driven by the gear train. The
through a filter and into the fuel inlet manifold in the
governor is mounted on the rear end of the 6V-53
cylinder head(s) and to the injectors. Excess fuel is
blower and on the front end of the 8V-53 blower.
returned to the supply tank through the fuel outlet
manifold and connecting lines. Since the fuel is
The meaning of each digit in the model numbering
constantly circulating through the injectors, it serves to
system is shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The letter L or R
cool the injectors and to carry off any air in the fuel
indicates left or right-hand engine rotation as viewed
system.
from the front of the engine. The letter A, B, C or D
Air for scavenging and combustion is supplied by a
designates the blower and exhaust manifold location
on the In-line engines as viewed from the rear of the
blower which pumps air into the engine cylinders via
the air box and cylinder liner ports. All air entering
engine while the letter A or C designates the location
the blower first passes through an air cleaner or
of the oil cooler and starter on the V-type engines.
silencer.
Each engine is equipped with an oil cooler (not
required on certain two-cylinder models). full-flow oil
Engine starting is provided by either a hydraulic or
electric starting system. The electric starting motor is
filter, fuel oil strainer and fuel oil filter, an air cleaner
or silencer, governor, heat exchanger and raw water
energized by a storage battery. A battery-charging
pump or fan and radiator, and a starting motor.
generator, with a suitable voltage regulator. serves to
keep the battery charged.
Full pressure lubrication is supplied to all main,
Engine speed is regulated by a mechanical or
connecting rod and camshaft bearings and to other
hydraulic type engine governor, depending upon the
moving parts. A rotor-type pump on In-line or 6V
engines or a gear-type pump on 8V engines draws oil
engine application.
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