TM 5-3895-382-24 Testing and Adjusting Troubleshooting Troubleshooting  can  be  difficult.    A  list  of  possible  problems and probable causes is on the pages that follow. This  list  of  problems  and  probable  causes  will  only  give  an indication  of  where  a  problem  can  be  and  what  repairs  are needed.      Normally,   more   or   other   repair   work   is   needed beyond  the  recommendations  on  the  list.    Remember  that  a problem is not necessarily caused only by one part, but by the relation of one part with other parts.  This list cannot give all possible   problems   and   probable   causes.      The   serviceman must find the problem and its source, then make the necessary repairs. The   4C4892   ORFS   Fittings   Group   can   be   used   to   make pressure  tests  of  the  steering  system.    Before  any  tests  are made,   visually   inspect   the   complete   hydraulic   system   for leakage of oil and for parts that are damaged.  For some of the tests a magnet and a mm (in) measuring rule will be needed. When any test is made of the steering hydraulic system, the hydraulic oil must be at the normal temperature for operation. Sudden movement of the machine or pressure oil release can cause injury to persons on or near the machine.  To prevent   possible   injury,   do   the   procedure   that   follows before    testing    and    adjusting    the    steering    hydraulic system. 1. Move   the   machine   to   a   smooth   horizontal   location. Move   away   from   working   machines   and   personnel. Stop the engine. 2. Permit  only  one  operator  on  the  machine.    Keep  all other personnel either away from the machine or in view of the operator. 3. Move the steering wheel to all positions to release any pressure in the hydraulic system. 4. Carefully  loosen  the  filler  cap  on  the  hydraulic  tank  to release any pressure in the tank. 5. Activate the parking brake. NOTE: During    certain    performance    tests    it    will    be necessary  to  release  the  parking  brake  to  help drum movement when turns are required. 6. Make sure all hydraulic pressure is released before any fitting,    hose    or    component    is    loosened,    tightened, removed or adjusted. 7. The pressure in the system has now been released and lines or components can be removed. Visual Checks A visual inspection of the steering system and its components is the first step when a diagnosis of a problem is made.  Stop the engine, make the following inspections. 1. Measure the oil level. 2. Look for air in the oil that is in the hydraulic  tank.    Do this  immediately  after  the  machine  is  stopped.    Use  a clear bottle or container to get a sample of the oil.  Look for air bubbles in the oil that is in the bottle. 3. Remove    the    hydraulic    filter    element    and    look    for particles removed from the oil by the filter element. 4. Check all oil lines and connections for damage. Operation Check Operation  checks  of  the  steering  system  can  be  used  for  a diagnosis  of  poor  performance  and  to  find  the  source  of  oil leakage inside the hydraulic system. Problem:  Steering  pump  makes  noise  and  the  steering cylinder rods do not move smoothly. Probable Cause: 1. Air in the steering hydraulic circuit. 2. The steering pump is worn. 3. Loose oil line connection on the inlet side of the steering pump. 4. Low oil level in the hydraulic oil tank. 5. Viscosity of the hydraulic oil is wrong. 14-13